Empowering Kids: A Guide to Self-Advocacy
Understanding Self-Advocacy
Self-advocacy is the ability to understand and communicate one’s own needs and desires. For neurodivergent* individuals, learning to self-advocate can be challenging, especially since society is not designed for those who are wired differently. Practicing self-advocacy in various situations and learning different communication styles can help individuals become confident in addressing their needs. Teaching others to advocate for themselves can help them:
- Express themselves clearly
- Gain independence
- Build confidence
- Improve social interactions
*Neurodivergent – A term that describes brain wiring that is different from the majority of society. Examples of neurodivergence include, but are not limited to, Autism, ADHD, Dyslexia, Dyscalculia, Auditory Processing Disorder, Stuttering, and more.
Steps to Teach Self-Advocacy
1. Foster Self-Awareness
- Identify Needs and Emotion.
- There are several ways to assist a child in being aware of and communicating their emotions, which helps caregivers attune to their needs and support their emotional well-being. Many neurodivergent children have alexithymia, a condition that affects the ability to identify and describe their own feelings. In fact, up to 80% of autistic individuals experience alexithymia.
- Using a visual chart with suggestions on how to regulate emotions can be helpful for identifying feelings in the moment and learning self-soothing techniques.
- It is also beneficial for therapists and parents to model identifying and labeling their own feelings throughout the day. For example, “I felt sad when Granny left on the airplane today. I’m going to miss her because I had so much fun while she was here. I can’t wait to see her next time.”
- Be cautious not to label a child’s feelings for them, as adults often misinterpret what the child is experiencing.
There are various ways to help individuals identify their needs and feelings. Consulting with a specialist can help find communication methods that work best for the individual.
2. Develop Communication Skills
- Use Visual Aids: Pictures, symbols, and social stories can help children express their needs effectively.
- Practice Scripts: Role-play scenarios where they might need to express their needs, such as asking for quiet time or more space.
Possible Scripts Include:
- “I need a break, please.”
- “This is too loud for me.”
- “Can I have some quiet time?”
- “I need help with this.”
- “I don’t like this texture.”
- “Can we try something different?”
- “I feel overwhelmed.”
3. Encourage Decision-Making
- Offer Choices: Give children opportunities to make choices throughout the day, reinforcing that their preferences are valued.
- Problem-Solving: Teach them to identify problems and think through possible solutions.
4. Incorporate Sensory Activities
Help children discover which activities help meet their sensory needs:
- Chewing: Chewy toys, gum, or crunchy snacks can be soothing.
- Fidgets: Use fidget spinners, stress balls, or sensory rings to help with focus and anxiety.
- Movement: Encourage activities like jumping, swinging, or dancing to release energy.
- Weighted Items: Weighted blankets or vests can provide calming pressure.
Each child is different, and sensory needs may fluctuate. Consulting with a specialist can help address a person’s specific sensory needs and how to incorporate them into daily activities.
5. Build Support Networks
- Involve Family and Friends: Encourage open communication with family and peers about their needs and how they can help.
- Connect with Groups: Join support groups where they can meet others with similar experiences.
Practical Tips for Parents and Educators
- Create a Safe Environment: Ensure the child feels safe and supported when expressing their needs.
- Be Patient and Encouraging: Encourage attempts at self-advocacy, even if they’re not perfect.
- Model Advocacy Behavior: Demonstrate self-advocacy by sharing your own needs and how you address them.
Resources
- Books:
- The Explosive Child by Dr. Ross Green
- The Zones of Regulation by Leah Kuypers
- Start Here: A Guide for Parents of Autistic Kids by ASAN
(FREE DOWNLOAD) booklet-interior-4.1.pdf (autisticadvocacy.org)
- Websites:
- Autistic Self Advocacy Network (autisticadvocacy.org)
- THINKING PERSON’S GUIDE TO AUTISM
- https://www.adhdsheppey.com/
- https://www.friendswhostutter.org/
Conclusion
Teaching self-advocacy is a journey that requires patience and understanding. By equipping children with the tools and support they need, we can empower them to navigate the world with confidence and autonomy.
